Women’s health herstory

50 Years of Women’s Health in Australia 

Collaboration for health equity has occurred for centuries, with concepts of care, healing and community embedded in First Nations’ and migrant health. In Australia, colonial laws that had criminalised aspects of humanity and health have been in a constant state of reform. 

Here we provide a brief timeline of the last fifty years of reforms, alongside the development of our organisation and other significant events. We also recognise that recording and sharing histories is a complex and ongoing process. To contribute to our recording of women’s health herstory, including photos, key national reforms, shifts or other events, please contact us. 

I am struck by how much attitudes towards women, and attitudes of women themselves, have changed since the 1970s…. None of the problems that feminists identified in the 1970s have disappeared, although some are less pressing than they were.

Timeline

1970s

1970

The National Council of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women was established.

1971

The first Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation, the Aboriginal Medical Service was established in Redfern, Sydney.

1972

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people were recognised, for the first time, in the Australian Census, following a referendum and subsequent constitutional amendment in 1969.

 

1972

The Department of Social Security was established.

1975

The first National Women’s Health Conference was held in Brisbane.

1975

The National Aboriginal and Islander Health Organisation was formed, a predecessor to the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation in 1992.

1975

The first Racial Discrimination Act was enacted in Australia.

1976

Medibank was established by the Australian Government as a non-profit private health insurer.

1978

Women in Industry and Community Health was formed, a predecessor to the Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health.

1980s

1981

Australia ratified the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women

1983

The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme established a concession scheme, which was initiated in 1944 but not extended into a comprehensive list until 1960.

1984

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples received voting rights and were, for the first time, required to register on the electoral roll.

 

1984

Medicare was established as Australia’s universal healthcare system.

1984

The Sex Discrimination Act was enacted.

1985

The second National Women’s Conference was held in Adelaide.

1986

The Women’s Business Report was published.

1986

The Australian Women’s Health Network was established.

1986

The Australian Human Rights Commission Act was established.

1987

The National Policy for the Education of Girls was enacted.

1989

The first National Women’s Health Policy and National Women’s Health Program was launched.

1989

The Therapeutic Goods Administrator was established.

1990s

1992

The National Strategy on Violence Against Women was introduced.

1992

The Disability Discrimination Act was enacted.

1994

Australian Women’s Health Network wrote its first organisational constitution.

1995

The third National Women’s Conference was held in Canberra.

1995

The Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health commenced.

1997

Publication of Bringing them Home a report of the findings of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from Their Families.

2000s

2001

The fourth National Women’s Conference was held in Adelaide.

2004

The Age Discrimination Act was enacted.

2005

The fifth National Women’s Conference was held in Melbourne.

2008

Prime Minister Kevin Rudd made a formal apology on behalf of the Australian Government to ​Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, particularly to the Stolen Generations, whose lives had been blighted by previous policies of forced child removal and assimilation.

2008

The first the Closing the Gap Statement and agreement was established.

2009

The first National Preventative Health Strategy was published.

2010s

2010

The second National Women’s Health Policy was published.

2010

The National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women’s Health Strategy was published.

2010

The sixth National Women’s Conference was held in Hobart.

2011

The National Disability Strategy was published.

2013

Prime Minister Julia Gillard apologised on behalf of the Australian Government to people affected by forced adoption or removal policies and practices.

2016

The failed Closing the Gap ‘refresh’ process commenced.

2018

The third National Women’s Health Policy was published.

2018

A National Redress Scheme was established following the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse.

2019

Safe access zone legislation was upheld unanimously by the High Court.

2019

Australian Women’s Health Network registered the Australian Women’s Health Alliance business name.

2020s

2020

Wiyi Yani U Thangani (Women's Voices) Securing Our Rights, Securing Our Future Report was published.

2020

The ‘Gay Panic Defence’ was abolished nationally, following legislative reform in South Australia.

2020

A new National Agreement on Closing the Gap was established.

2021

The Territories Stolen Generations Redress Scheme was established.

2021

Safe access zone legislation was, for the first time nationalised, following legislative reform in Western Australia.

2021

The second National Preventive Health Strategy was published.

2022

The Forced Adoption Exceptional Circumstances Fund was established.

2023

The National Women’s Health Advisory Council was established.

2023

The Australian Women’s Health Network refreshed the National Women’s Health Hub and transitioned the business name from Network to Alliance.

2023

A Bill for Abortion Law Reform was tabled in Western Australia, the final jurisdiction in Australia to remove any risk of a patient being criminalised for accessing abortion.

References and further reading

B Attwood, A Markus and Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, The 1967 referendum: race, power and the Australian Constitution, Aboriginal Studies Press, 2007.

Australian Human Rights Commission, Quick guide to anti-discrimination law, Australian Human Rights Commission, 2023.

B Baird, Abortion Care is Health Care, Melbourne University Press, 2023.

F Baum, M Bégin, T Houweling and S Taylor, ‘Changes not for the fainthearted: reorienting health care systems toward health equity through action on the social determinants of health’, American Journal of Public Health, 2009, 99(11), pp 1967-1974.

Gay’wu group of Women, Songspirals: Sharing women’s wisdom of Country through songlines, Allen & Unwin, 2019.

Boston Women’s Health Book Collective, Our Bodies, Ourselves: A health book by and for women, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1976.

W Brown, L Bryson, J Byles, A Dobson, L Manderson, M Schofield and G Williams,  ‘Women’s Health Australia: Establishment of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. Journal of Women’s Health, Oct 1996, 5(5), pp 467-472.

MS Goddard, ‘How the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme began’. Medical Journal of Australia, 2014, 201(S1), S23-S25.

G Gray Jamieson, Reaching for Health: The Australian Women’s Health Movement and Public Policy, ANU E Press, Canberra 2012.

Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health – website at https://alswh.org.au/, 2023

A Moreton-Robinson, Talkin’ Up to the White Woman: Indigenous Women and Feminism, University of Queensland Press, 2002.

Multicultural Centre for Women’s Health – website About Us https://www.mcwh.com.au/about-mcwh/, 2023.

National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation – website Our Story https://www.naccho.org.au/our-story/, 2023.

C Watego, Another Day in the Colony, University of Queensland Press, 2021

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